Carefully read the information on the exhibition panels and try to find the answers to the 20 quiz questions. Happy historical fact-finding!
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the land of the Cumans — ard al-Kumāniyya
muttasil ard al-Rūsiyā — “the united land of Rus’”
The centre of these lands is designated as ard al-Rūsiyā (“the land of Rus’”) and encompasses both the left and right banks of the Dnipro (identified on the map as Dnabr) in the region between Kyiv and Kaniv.
Galicia (Halych)
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On the map commissioned by King Roger II of Sicily, the centre of the lands of Rus’ is designated as ard al-Rūsiyā (“the land of Rus’”), encompassing both the left and right banks of the Dnipro River (identified on the map as Dnabr) between Kyiv and Kaniv. As early as 1154, the lands of Rus’ are depicted as a distinct and clearly defined entity on a map of 12th-century Europe, long before the emergence of any Muscovite claims to this historical legacy.
a) In Yalta
b) In Bakhchysarai
c) In Chersonesus and the Bosporus, in the 3rd century C.E.
d) In Yevpatoria
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The first Christian communities in Crimea emerged in the major urban centres of Chersonesus and the Bosporus during the 3rd century C.E. (present-day Sevastopol and Kerch). From the 4th century onwards, Christianity spread rapidly among the Crimean Goths, leading to the establishment of the first dioceses and the appointment of bishops. It is known that Bishop Cadmus of the Goths in Crimea participated in the First Council of Nicaea in 325 C.E. During this period, Crimea became home to important spiritual and educational centres, many of them comprising cave monasteries and churches.
a) From the 3rd century
b) From the 8th century
c) From the 10th century
d) From the 14th century
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At the beginning of the 8th century, during the Khazar period, the Gothic dioceses of Sugdaea and Fulla arose, each headed by a bishop. Later, the Bosporus and Chersonese dioceses were established, both directly subordinate to the Patriarchate of Constantinople.
a) Two marriages were blessed, although only one was permitted.
b) Three marriages were blessed, although only two were permitted.
c) Five marriages were blessed, although only three were permitted.
d) Four marriages were blessed, although only three were permitted.
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Despite the prohibition, the Metropolitan of Chersonesus blessed a fifth (!) marriage in exchange for material compensation. Such an act constituted a serious violation of the canons: ecclesiastical tradition permitted a maximum of three marriages, while a fourth was allowed only in exceptional cases; a fifth marriage was deemed impermissible and unlawful. The Metropolitan of Chersonesus faced serious accusations, and if he refused to appear before the court, he was to be removed from his see, while the marriage itself was to be declared unlawful and dissolved.
In 1169 (crosses and other valuable items from the churches of Kyiv)
In 1155 (the Vyshhorod Icon of the Mother of God, which is still preserved in the Tretyakov Gallery under the name The Virgin of Vladimir)
In 1662 (chronicle records)
In 1152 (jewellery)
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In 1155, Andrey Bogolyubsky appropriated the 12th-century Vyshhorod Icon of the Mother of God, which had previously been taken from Jerusalem to Constantinople, from Constantinople to Kyiv, and from Kyiv to Vyshhorod.
In 1155
In 1169
In 1162
In 1160
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In 1162, Andrey Bogolyubsky sought to transfer the sacred centre from Kyiv to Vladimir-on-Klyazma and establish a separate metropolis there. In a letter dated 1169, Patriarch Luke Chrysoberges of Constantinople refused his request. Andrey Bogolyubsky then launched a campaign against Kyiv and sacked the city.
a) They claimed that only they had the right to their own metropolis.
b) They reversed the meaning of the texts and falsely stated that even if Kyiv were restored, Vladimir-on-Klyazma would still remain the permanent see of the metropolitans.
c) They claimed that the metropolitans could have their see only in Vladimir-on-Klyazma.
d) They claimed that only they had the right to elect and ordain the metropolitans.
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The original says, in substance, ‘If God grants help and Kyiv’s former prosperity and condition are restored, then Vladimir will cease to be the permanent see of the metropolitans of Rus’, and Kyiv will be, as proclaimed, their throne and first see’.
a) Megale Rhōssia. Zalesye and the Novgorod lands.
b) Rus’ Major. Muscovy.
c) Mikra Rhōssia. The Principality of Kyiv and the Principality of Galicia–Volhynia.
d) Totius Rusia. Galicia.
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The older, original, and core Rus’ was the territory of the Principality of Kyiv and the Principality of Galicia–Volhynia, which was called Mikra Rhōssia (Rus’ Minor). By contrast, the name Megale Rhōssia (Rus' Major) referred to a later, derivative, newly established entity. Later, the Muscovites appropriated the name Rhōssia (Rus’) and began using it for their own state, while creating the myths of the “elder brother” and the “younger brother” by reversing the original meaning of these terms.
a) Regiments from Kyiv and Halych
b) Regiments from Lviv and Vilnius
c) Regiments from Volodymyr and Brest
d) Regiments from Smolensk and Przemyśl
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The Lithuanian rulers Algirdas and Kęstutis established themselves as European leaders by joining forces with regiments from the Ukrainian lands of Volhynia and Brest, as well as with cavalry forces, against their enemy, the Teutonic Order.
1348, at the University of Prague
1353, at the Sorbonne
1360, at the University of Kraków
1320, in Lviv
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The earliest records date to 1348. They indicate that our students were studying at the newly founded University of Prague.
a) Since 1387
b) Since 1359
c) Since 1348
d) Since 1448
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In 1357, Metropolitan Alexius travelled to the Horde to obtain a jarliq (a licence, a charter of authority) and began to devote more attention to politics than to ecclesiastical affairs. The ecclesiastical policy of Muscovy became an integral part of its policy of subjugating other political centres of the ancient northern lands of Rus’, particularly Tver and Suzdal. From 1359 onward, the Muscovite Church was actively used as a tool to bless Muscovy's bloody expansion.
Cyprian
Vytautas
Volodymyr Olgerdovych
Dmitry Donskoy
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Volodymyr Olgerdovych. It was he who later, in 1384, would imprison Muscovy's appointee, Metropolitan Dionysius, in the Kyiv Monastery of the Caves, force the Muscovites to recognise the metropolitan who was already in Kyiv at the time, and thus halt the division of the metropolis.
A lion against a shield
A mounted warrior with a sword
Two hands emerging from clouds, holding a drawn bow with an arrow
A trident
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Two hands emerging from clouds and holding a drawn bow with an arrow as a symbol of the protection of the heavenly forces over the capital of the Rus’ lands.
Lithuanians, Czech and German mercenaries
Ruthenians (as Ukrainians were called at the time), Lithuanians, Poles, Tatars who lived near Kyiv, and Czech and German mercenaries
Muscovites
Tatars and German mercenaries
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The victorious army was composed of Ruthenians (as Ukrainians were called at the time), Lithuanians, Poles, Tatars who lived near Kyiv, and Czech and German mercenaries.
Fedor Korybut
Ivan Volodymyrovych
the Kyiv nobleman Skobeiko
Borys Cherkas
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The Kyiv nobleman Skobeiko (Skabeika), as a result of a conspiracy involving the Czartoryski dukes and Jonas Daugirdas, the Voivode of Vilnius. Following this, the captive Ruthenian kniazi were released, and the Kyiv appanage principality was headed by the descendants of Volodymyr Olgerdovych: Kniaz Aleksandras Olelka, followed by Kniaz Simeon Olelkovych.
Metropolitan Isidore
Volodymyr Olgerdovych
Kniaz Simeon Olelkovych
Casimir IV Jagiellon
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Kniaz Simeon Olelkovych. He initiated an ambitious programme of translations from Hebrew and Latin of philosophical and scientific works, including The Gates of Aristotle, The Six-Winged, and the Cosmography, among others.
The “Simeon’s people” land from the Ovechi Vody river, past the Oskil river, and to the Tykha Sosna river.
Chersonesos
Zaporizhzhia
Rostov
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Kniaz Simeon Olelkovych, together with the people of Kyiv, captured Sayid Ahmad I, Khan of the Golden Horde, expanded the borders of the Principality of Kyiv, and thus strengthened the defensive system stretching from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea.
a) 1514
b) 1471
c) 1482
d) 1490
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The Principality of Kyiv was transformed into a voivodeship. Ukrainians did not wait for a strong tsar to come and solve all their problems. They united and began defending their state. Thus, the Cossacks emerged.
That of Bohdan Hlynskyi, the starost of Cherkasy and Kaniv, against Meñli I Giray
That of Ostafii Dashkovych against Muscovy
That of Konstanty Ostrogski at Orsha
That of Vytautas against Crimea
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The mace is attributed to the campaign of Bohdan Hlynskyi (Gliński), the starost of Cherkasy and Kaniv and the Cossack Hetman, against Meñli I Giray.
Bohdan Hlynskyi
Konstanty Ostrogski
Yuri Drohobych
Ostap Dashkevych
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Ostap Dashkevych. The Lithuanian and Samogitian Chronicle called him a ‘famous Cossack.’ He is considered the first Kish otaman of the Zaporozhian Host. He organised the Cossack army, dividing the Cossacks into hundreds and regiments, arming them, and introducing discipline and order modeled on that of ancient Rome. He effectively defended the state’s borders, took part in wars, and organized successful campaigns against Muscovy.
